Social justice is a broad and evolving concept focused on creating a fair and just society and encompasses several key dimensions. Movements for social justice employ various strategies to achieve their goals. They also involve a… continuous effort to identify and dismantle systems of inequality and to build better and just structures for all. Regardless of race, ethnicity, economic status, ability, sexual orientation, gender identity, religious beliefs or nonbelief, or citizenship, all individuals have universal human rights that must be respected and protected.

The Wall Street Journal reports that overall Black household wealth for college graduates in their 30s has fallen to $8,200 from about $50,400 three decades ago—largely due to the negative impact of student debt required to finance… that education. Black and Latino or Hispanic parents are more likely than White parents to see a college degree as key for their children’s success, according to a 2015 Pew Research Center report. However, Black people’s strivings and educational gains are not rewarded on pace with their white peers, confirming the adage “you have to be twice and good to get the same result.”

A traumatic event is a shocking, scary, or dangerous experience that can affect someone emotionally and physically. The good news is that there are very effective ways to cope with and treat the stressful effects of… trauma. Not everyone requires treatment for traumatic stress. Most people recover on their own with time. However, mental health professionals can help you find healthy ways to cope in the aftermath of a traumatic event.

Prostate cancer takes a harsher toll on Black men than other men, including other men of color. In fact, Black men are 50% more likely to develop prostate cancer in their lifetime and twice as likely to… die from the disease. There are many factors that can increase the risk and worsen the outcome of prostate cancer — not just being of African descent. Disparities in outcomes also can be affected by differences in when the cancer is diagnosed and how the men are treated after diagnosis. Despite the increased risk of developing prostate cancer and dying from it, Black men are underrepresented in clinical trials that test new therapies.

Stroke is a major cause of death and long-term disability worldwide. Diabetes is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular complications, including stroke. People with diabetes have a 1.5–2 times higher risk of stroke compared with people… without diabetes, with risk increasing with diabetes duration. Not everyone with diabetes will get a stroke, and there are steps you can take to make sure you’re one of them. People with diabetes can live long, healthy lives, free from heart disease, stroke, and other health problems.

In the United States, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disorder or COPD affects nearly 16 million adults, and many more do not know they have it. More than half of those diagnosed are women. COPD is a major cause… of disability, and it is the sixth leading cause of death in the United States according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The good news is that COPD can often be prevented. Reducing tobacco smoke exposure is important for both primary prevention of COPD and disease management.

Every human being has a right to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health. Individuals and couples have the right to decide the number, timing and spacing of their children. However,… some individuals may face infertility. It is a common problem, affecting approximately 10% of women in the United States. It affects both men and women. However, in most cases, the cause may be with the female partner. Infertility can be a tough journey. It may happen because of a health issue with either you or your partner, or a mix of factors that prevent pregnancy. It’s important to understand how your body works so you and your healthcare provider can maximize your chances of starting or adding to your family.

When found early, breast cancer can often be treated successfully. In fact, 90-97% of patients with early-stage breast cancer are alive and well even 10 or 15 years after treatment. But survivorship is complex and can bring new… challenges. Survivorship means something different to everyone. Some patients feel they’re survivors from day one. It is also very personal and can mean more than just a year mark in a patient’s cancer experience.

Fathers are important for helping their children see all they can be. Often, good fathers can offer lessons in playfulness, care, support, courage and discipline. Despite media portrayal of Black fathers, 70% of Black fathers who live… with their children were most likely to have bathed, dressed, changed or helped their child with the toilet every day, compared with other groups. This involvement is important for many reasons, one of which is that data shows that children with involved fathers are at lower risk for developing disruptive behavior and mental health difficulties. Even when a biological father isn’t present, the role can be filled by other men who care about the child — an important concept in Black culture. Given the history of racism in the United States, some Black fathers may face disproportionate incarceration rates or have difficulty in obtaining jobs to provide for their families. But such hardships are only part of the story of Black fatherhood.

Mental health issues are common. In fact, more than 1 in 5 US adults live with a mental illness. Mental health issues are treatable and often preventable, but not everyone has access to the resources they need. People… in some racial and ethnic minority groups face more challenges than others getting mental health care. Inequities in access to mental health care can arise due to myriad reasons. Untreated mental health is associated with negative patient health outcomes. Thus, ensuring equitable access is needed to not only close existing treatment gaps but to also improve patient health outcomes. Mental health is just as important as physical health throughout our lives.

The primary role of medical education is to produce a competent health care workforce capable of meeting the health care needs of our population. Therefore, the central goal of our health care workforce must be the… elimination of health inequity. The health care workforce as historically and conventionally conceived has not accomplished this goal, and in many ways has contributed to and compounded the problems. The effort to develop a workforce capable of addressing health inequity will produce a number of outcomes. Increased diversity and an improved sense of belonging will be among the most notable.

Trust is a key component in delivering quality and respectful care within health care systems. Trust in health care includes beliefs that providers and organizations have characteristics of honesty, competence, and good communication and that they… maintain confidentiality. Higher levels of trust in health care environments are associated with greater service utilization, improved provider-patient communication, and better health outcomes among patients. However, a growing lack of confidence in health care, particularly among specific subgroups of the population in the United States, could further widen existing health disparities. To achieve health equity, strategies to rebuild trust and reach diverse communities are needed.